Rewards Enhance Proactive and Reactive Control in Adolescence and Adulthood

Development of male proactive and reactive physical aggression during adolescence.

BACKGROUND Different developmental courses have been postulated for proactive and reactive aggression. OBJECTIVE Investigated the developmental course of proactive and reactive aggression in a large sample of adolescent boys from low socioeconomic areas. METHOD A dual group-based joint trajectory method was used to identify distinct trajectories as well as similarities and differences in in...

Proactive and reactive inhibitory control in rats

Inhibiting actions inappropriate for the behavioral context, or inhibitory control, is essential for survival and involves both reactively stopping the current prepared action and proactively adjusting behavioral tendencies to increase future performance. A powerful paradigm widely used in basic and clinical research to study inhibitory control is the stop signal task (SST). Recent years have s...

Reactive and proactive aggression in childhood and adolescence: precursors, outcomes, processes, experiences, and measurement.

This paper reviews and critiques the growing literature on the distinction between reactive and proactive aggression in children and adolescents. Empirical findings suggest that the subtypes of aggression are (a) preceded by different familial precursors, (b) associated with different behavioral outcomes, (c) driven by different social-cognitive and emotional processes, and (d) related to diffe...

Running head: Executive functioning in relation to proactive and reactive aggression Executive functioning in relation to proactive and reactive aggression in childhood and adolescence

Dissociating proactive and reactive control in the Stroop task

The Dual Mechanisms of Control framework posits the existence of two distinct control mechanisms, proactive and reactive, which may operate independently. However, this independence has been difficult to study with most experimental paradigms. The Stroop task may provide a useful way of assessing the independence of control mechanisms because the task elicits two types of proportion congruency ...